How to Survive a GIPS Verification Part 2: Kick-off and Initial Data Request

August 31, 2021
15 min
How to Survive a GIPS Verification Part 2: Kick-off and Initial Data Request

This article is part two of a three-part series on how to survive a GIPS verification. If you haven’t had a chance to read part one, we recommend going back and reading the first part of this series, which covers tips and tricks for setting up your verification for success. In this article, we cover recommendations for kicking off the verification and then provide some context around responding to the initial request made by the verifier. Understanding what the verifier is requesting and why they need it will help streamline the response and allow you to send only the information that is necessary.

Kicking off the Verification

Many firms are eager to quickly get through their verification. One way to help promote efficiency is to schedule a call with your verifier before they even send their initial request. The kick-off call will help ensure everyone is on the same page – especially if it is your first verification or if your firm and strategies have changed since the last verification was completed. For first-time verifications, this time should be used to communicate unique aspects of your firm, discuss the timeline, and introduce key members of your project team.

Most verifications are completed annually. A lot can change over the course of a year that may impact your compliance with the GIPS standards. The kickoff call will initiate these discussions at the onset so surprises don’t delay your ability to complete the verification. The following are some items to consider discussing during a kick off call:

  • Any changes to the definition of your firm for GIPS purposes – such as acquisitions, mergers, portfolios moving to/from model-based platforms (e.g., UMA)
  • Any new or closed composites or pooled funds
  • Any material changes to your GIPS policies and procedures
  • Any personnel changes at the firm – especially with individuals that are involved in the verification project
  • Any upcoming deadlines that impact the timing of the verification

What to expect with the Initial Data Request

Once all parties are ready to begin the verification, your verifier will provide their initial data request, which lists all items the verifier needs to get the verification process started. After these items are received and reviewed, additional samples will be requested for the verifier to complete more detailed testing. These follow-up testing items are discussed in part three of this series. The most common items requested in this initial data request include:

  • GIPS Policies & Procedures
  • List of Composites and/or Pooled Funds
  • Portfolio and Composite Performance
  • Composite Membership Change List
  • Assets Under Management (“AUM”) Report
  • List of Non-Discretionary Portfolios
  • GIPS Reports
  • GIPS Report Distribution Log
  • Marketing Materials
  • CFA Notification Form
  • Other miscellaneous items such as (where applicable):
    • Regulatory Correspondence
    • Changes to your Portfolio Accounting System
    • Error(s) Since the Last Verification
    • Incentive Fees Charged

The following sections discuss each of these commonly requested items in more detail.

Policies and Procedures

GIPS policies and procedures are one of the most important documents the verifier needs to get the verification started. The end goal of verification is the opinion letter that attests to “whether the firm's policies and procedures related to composite and pooled fund maintenance, as well as the calculation, presentation, and distribution of performance, have been designed in compliance with the GIPS standards and have been implemented on a firm-wide basis.”

In other words, your firm’s GIPS policies and procedures document is used throughout the verification process to ensure that the policies and procedures are 1) adequate and 2) have been applied consistently across your firm. Your verifier will use your GIPS policies and procedures as the backbone for the entire project, and as a guide for how to test various aspects of your firm’s GIPS compliance.

The GIPS standards offer flexibility in many areas and, therefore, not all firms use the exact same calculation methodology, definition of discretion, timing for composite inclusion/exclusion, etc. Because of this, it is critical for the verifier to have a strong understanding of how these policies and procedures are applied at your firm.

If changes are made to composite policies, composite inclusion rules, or if a calculation methodology changed because of a conversion to a new portfolio accounting system, etc., it is essential that these changes are clearly recorded in the policies and procedures document before the verification begins. If the document is not kept up-to-date, the verifier will find inconsistencies between the policy documentation and the actual practices of your firm. This will stall the verification process.

List of Composites and/or Pooled Funds

If not already included in your GIPS policies and procedures, the verifier will request a current list of all active pooled funds and composites, including any composites that have terminated within the last five years.

This list commonly includes composite or pooled-fund-specific policies. This is an important piece of information to help the verifier understand what policies are applied to a given composite/pooled fund and ensure that they are selecting a meaningful sample.

Based on this list, a sample of composites/pooled funds will be selected for more detailed testing. This testing generally includes the recalculation of performance results presented in the corresponding GIPS Reports. The verifier will use the rules and methodologies outlined in the GIPS Report and composite definitions to gain confidence that the policies were consistently applied.

It is important that any new composites/pooled funds are added to this list and any that are terminated are labelled as such. Since this impacts the sample selection for the testing, the verifier needs to have a fully updated list to avoid having to modify samples and change testing procedures later in the process.

Portfolio and Composite Performance

Based on your firm’s list of composites and pooled funds, the verifier will select a sample to review in more detail. Often, verifiers focus on the main marketed composites, but they will also rotate through others to ensure all are being maintained as described in your GIPS policies and procedures.

For the selected composites, most verifiers will have you provide monthly portfolio-level market values and returns as well as monthly composite returns. With this information they will reconstruct the composites using the rules and calculation methodology described in your GIPS policies and procedures. As they do this, they will focus on the following:

  1. Can they use the portfolio-level data to calculate the same composite returns you provided by following the calculation methodology outlined in your GIPS policies and procedures?
  2. If a composite has a minimum asset level or significant cash flow policy, do they see portfolios in the composite breaking these rules?
  3. How does the dispersion look on a monthly basis? Is it consistent month to month or are there months with large spikes? What outlier performers are driving this dispersion?

The information gleaned from this composite reconstruction and review drives the sample selection for the next phase of testing. Specifically, portfolios appearing to break established rules as well as a sample of performance outliers will be selected for further testing. These testing items are discussed in detail in part three of this three-part series.

Because the results of this initial screen drives the sample selected for further verification testing, it is important that the data is free of errors and has been constructed in a manner that is consistent with your documented policies. To gain comfort, a review of all portfolios should be conducted prior to providing the data to the verifier – either on your own or with the help of a GIPS consultant. These checks should confirm that:

  1. Policies such as minimum asset levels and significant cash flows have been applied consistently and in line with how they are described in your GIPS policies and procedures.
  2. Outlier performers within the composite are not caused by material, client-driven restrictions as defined in your firm’s definition of discretion.
  3. Any portfolios added or removed from the composites during the period were done so in a manner consistent with the rules outlined in your GIPS policies and procedures.
  4. There are no portfolios currently excluded from the composite that should have been included based on your firm’s GIPS policies and procedures.

If you do not have a way to test this internally, we strongly encourage you to reach out to Longs Peak for outlier testing. We can save you the headache of multiple rounds of testing with your verifier.

Composite Membership Change List

The Composite Membership Change List should include all portfolios entering or exiting your composites during the period under review. This is generally listed by composite and provides the portfolio name or number that entered or exited and the date of the change.

This list allows the verifier to select a sample of portfolios and test whether they are entering/exiting the correct composite at the correct time, based on your firm’s policies and procedures.

While the verifier is selecting only a sample of composites and/or pooled funds, they will likely want to gain an understanding for composite membership changes across the entire firm. Again, although the focus is primarily on portfolios within the selected sample described earlier, they may broaden their sample for this testing item. This is most common when there are material changes for composites not originally selected for testing or if the sample composites selected did not have enough changes to meet the sample size requirements set for your firm’s verification.

Beyond selecting samples, the verifier will also compare the composite membership changes on the list to the data provided to ensure they are in sync. They will do this comparison to ensure that any noted membership change is reflected in the performance data.

For example, if the Membership Change List documents that portfolio ABC exited the composite at the end of the month, but this change is not reflected in the raw performance data, the verifier will likely come back with questions.

Assets Under Management Report

Verifiers generally want to see an Assets Under Management Report that breaks the assets out by portfolio and clearly labels each portfolio as discretionary or non-discretionary and, if discretionary, what composite the portfolio is included in.

The verification is conducted at the firm level and this report will give the verifier a clear picture of the full scope of the GIPS firm. Specifically, it will help the verifier:

  1. Gain comfort that the total firm assets reported in the GIPS Reports is accurate
  2. Assess what percentage of the firm assets are discretionary versus non-discretionary
  3. Confirm if there is any risk of double counting assets (usually caused by portfolios included in more than one composite or segregated portfolios investing in pooled funds managed by the firm)
  4. Ensure none of the assets included appear to be advisory-only or model assets
  5. Test that composite assets match the assets in the supporting information provided as well as what is reported in the firm’s GIPS Reports
  6. Compare the total AUM to regulatory filings (such as your ADV) to ensure any material differences are understood and align with how the firm is defined for GIPS purposes

The verifier will likely test some of the assets in this report by selecting a sample of portfolios and requesting that independent support for the valuation be provided (e.g., custodial statements). Since a sample of these values will be tested for consistency with the GIPS Reports, it is important that this document is clean, accurate, and presented in a manner that is easy for the verifier to understand.

List of Non-Discretionary Portfolios

If the AUM Report has non-discretionary portfolios clearly labelled then this separate list may not be needed. Either way, it is best if each non-discretionary portfolio listed includes an explanation for why it is deemed non-discretionary for GIPS purposes. Including comments about why the portfolios are non-discretionary will help the verifier understand why each portfolio is excluded from the composites, and help ensure the testing goes smoothly.

Verifiers will select a sample of these portfolios to ensure there is a valid reason for them to be non-discretionary and excluded from your composites. It is important that this list is accurate and up-to-date so the verifier can select appropriate samples and test portfolios without finding errors in classification.

GIPS Reports

GIPS Reports act as your firm’s external representation of your GIPS compliance. Since you are required to provide GIPS Reports to prospective clients, verifiers will test that the presented statistics can be supported and that all required disclosures are included. It is important to have a quality control process in place to check that all required statistics and disclosures are included prior to distributing the GIPS Reports to prospects or verifiers. This checklist can be used to aid in this review.

If not already provided as part of other testing requests, the verifier will likely require that you provide support for the statistics presented. This may include support for:

  • Composite assets
  • Number of portfolios
  • Total firm assets
  • Composite returns
  • Benchmark returns
  • Composite dispersion
  • Composite external standard deviation
  • Benchmark external standard deviation
  • Percent bundled fee portfolios (if applicable)
  • Percent non-fee-paying portfolios (if applicable)
  • Any supplemental information presented (if applicable)

GIPS Report Distribution Log

The 2020 GIPS standards now require firms to demonstrate that they made every reasonable effort to provide GIPS Reports to their prospective clients. Additionally, verifiers are also required to test that the firms they verify have done this. Generally, this is achieved by documenting each distribution in a log that can be provided to the verifier. Some firms document this in their CRM while others log it in a spreadsheet (here's a sample). If doing this in a CRM, it is critical that a report can be exported to fulfill the request made by the verifier to confirm distribution. For more information on GIPS Report Distribution Logs, check out this article.

Marketing Materials

GIPS Reports are the only document that must be provided to prospective clients for GIPS purposes. However, your verifier is also likely to review your website and ask for a sample of other factsheets and pitchbooks – regardless of whether GIPS is mentioned in these materials. The purpose of this is to test that:

  • Wherever GIPS is mentioned, all required disclosures accompany your claim of compliance
  • The way you hold your firm out to the public is in sync with how your firm is defined for GIPS purposes
  • Information presented is not false, misleading, or contradictory to what has been presented in your firm’s GIPS Reports

If no marketing materials are available outside of the GIPS Reports, that is perfectly fine. A simple confirmation of this scenario will suffice for the verification.

CFA Notification Form

All GIPS compliant firms are required to file a form with CFA Institute notifying them of their claim of compliance with the GIPS standards. This is completed once the firm is ready to claim compliance for the first time and then must be repeated prior to June 30th each year.

Verifiers are required to confirm that this has been completed as part of their verification. This is generally tested by saving the confirmation email provided when completing the notification form and providing a copy of this confirmation to the verifier when requested. So, save those emails!

Miscellaneous GIPS Data Requests

Outside of the primary initial requests we have already discussed, the verifier may have some other miscellaneous items included in their initial data request. Most of these items help the verifier better understand your firm or ensure changes to policies and/or GIPS Reports are captured in the documents provided. The following are some common miscellaneous items we see verifiers request.

Regulatory Correspondence – The verifier may ask if your firm has had any recent regulatory correspondence other than standard filings. If you have had an examination resulting in a deficiency letter, they will want to review this letter as well as your response. The purpose of this is to help the verifier assess the risk of the engagement and to help them tailor their testing to risk areas already identified. This is especially important if any deficiencies resulted from your firm’s GIPS compliance or the calculation and presentation of investment performance.

Changes to the Portfolio Accounting System – If changes have been made to system settings since the last verification, especially if they impact calculation methodology, composite membership, etc., the verifier will want to know about it. This will help them ensure their testing is in sync with your actual current practices, documented policies, and disclosures in your GIPS Reports.

Errors Since the Last Verification – Unfortunately errors happen and verifiers want to know about them. They are not looking to penalize you for having errors, but rather need to confirm that the appropriate action was taken to rectify the error if/when it occurs. It is important that when errors arise, your firm consistently follows your firm’s error correction policy. It is also helpful to maintain an error log. Maintaining an error log will help your firm document changes to your GIPS Reports resulting from errors and actions taken to address them. Providing this log to the verifier will help demonstrate that your error correction policy was consistently applied.

Incentive Fees – Verifiers often ask if incentive or performance-based-fees were charged to any portfolios during the verification period. GIPS requires net-of-fee returns to be reduced by incentive fees. Thus, if your firm charges incentive fees and actual fees are used to calculate performance, your verifier will want to confirm that net-of-fee returns have been reduced by the incentive fee.

If model fees are used, your verifier will test to ensure that the model fee is high enough to result in net-of-fee returns that are equal to or lower than what the results would have been if actual investment management fees (including any incentive fees) had been used. If no incentive fees were charged, then simply notifying the verifier that this is not applicable for your firm is sufficient.

Verifier Independence – While this might not be a “request,” your firm is required to gain an understanding of your verifier’s policies and procedures to ensure they remain independent throughout the course of the verification project. If your verifier does not provide you with a copy of their independence statement at the start of the verification, you should be proactive and request it. Save this document to support that your firm meets this requirement and is aware of the steps your verifier takes to ensure they remain independent.

Prioritizing What You Provide

In a perfect world, every initial document requested by the verifier is available and ready to provide in your first data submission. However, that is rarely the case. If everything is not available right away, the question becomes – what do you prioritize to make sure the verification progresses forward? If you have to send the initial request in stages, we recommend focusing on requests that allow the verifier to select their portfolio-level samples.

Depending on the size of your firm and composites, the portfolio-level testing phase of the verification can have many follow up requests and typically is the most time-consuming part of the verification. Therefore, it is best to get that phase of the verification kicked off as soon as possible. The items that allow a verifier to select their portfolio-level testing samples include:

  1. GIPS Policies and Procedures
  2. Portfolio and Composite-Level data
  3. Membership Change List
  4. Non-Discretionary Portfolio List

The remainder of the initial request documents can be provided as they become available. They will be needed to complete the verification, but the above listed documents should be the first priority to allow the verifier to select their portfolio-level samples.

Conclusion

The documentation provided for the initial request helps set the stage for the next round of testing. The cleaner and more organized the initial data, the better off you will be for the rest of the verification. Providing clean data in this sense means that you are confident performance data and disclosures are error free and outliers have been reviewed and deemed appropriate. If the verifier is able to move through these initial documents efficiently, it will set you up for success for the remainder of the project.

For more information on verification testing, check out part three of this three-part series where we dive into portfolio-level testing. We’ll cover the types of documentation requested and help you understand what your verifier is looking for. If you have any questions about GIPS or investment performance, reach out via our website, or contact matt@longspeakadvisory.com or sean@longspeakadvisory.com for more information.

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If you manage money for institutional clients, you've probably heard some version of this sentence: "We can't consider your strategy unless you're GIPS compliant." For a lot of investment managers, that's the moment the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) stop being an abstract industry term and start being a business requirement.

This guide covers what GIPS compliance actually is, who needs it, what it takes to get there, and how to keep it running once you do. Wherever a topic deserves a deeper dive, we've linked to the longer article that covers it. Think of this as the map, with the detailed trail guides linked along the way.

What Is GIPS Compliance?

GIPS compliance means a firm calculates and presents its investment performance according to the GIPS which is a set of ethical, standardized rules for performance reporting created and administered by CFA Institute. At their core, the GIPS standards rest on two principles: fair representation and full disclosure.

In practice, that means a GIPS compliant firm can't cherry-pick its best-performing accounts to show a prospect. It has to group similar portfolios into composites, present the full history honestly, disclose the assumptions behind the numbers, and apply the same rules consistently across the entire firm.

GIPS compliance is voluntary. No regulator requires it. But it has become the closest thing the investment industry has to a common language for performance. This is often why so many institutional investors, consultants, and platforms require it before they'll even take a meeting.

Who Needs to Be GIPS Compliant?

Any investment manager who wants to compete for institutional business should take GIPS compliance seriously. That includes:

  • RIAs and asset managers pursuing institutional mandates (pensions, endowments, foundations, OCIOs)
  • Firms seeking placement on model delivery platforms, SMA platforms, or consultant databases
  • Managers responding to RFPs where GIPS compliance is a stated requirement
  • Firms that simply want a more defensible, standardized way to calculate and present performance — even without external pressure to do so

According to eVestment, roughly two out of three searches run by institutional investors and consultants in their database exclude firms that aren't GIPS compliant. If your strategy to scale your firm includes institutional or consultant-driven channels, GIPS compliance isn't optional in any practical sense, it's the price of admission.

That said, don't mistake GIPS compliance for a purely institutional tool. Even firms with no institutional ambitions benefit from the discipline it offers: consistent calculation methodologies, documented policies, and a defensible and repeatable process for measuring performance. That rigor tends to pay off internally long before a prospect ever asks for it. And every additional firm that complies strengthens the credibility of the standards industry-wide, which benefits compliant firms and investors alike. The question worth asking isn't whether GIPS compliance is relevant to your business, it's whether now is the right time to embark on the path to become GIPS compliant.

(Note: this guide focuses on investment managers. If you're an asset owner — a pension, endowment, or foundation — evaluating your own internal performance reporting, our asset owner GIPS compliance page covers considerations specific to that role.)

Is GIPS Compliance Required?

No. GIPS compliance is a voluntary standard, not a law or regulation, and the SEC doesn't require it. That part isn't where firms gettripped up.

What's worth understanding is how close many firms already are to GIPS compliance without ever setting out to pursue it. The SEC Marketing Rule requires advertised performance to be fair and balanced, substantiated, and — in most cases — presented net of fees. Those requirements weren't written to mirror the GIPS standards, but in practice they've pushed firms toward much of the same discipline: consistent calculation methodology, defensible net-of-fee treatment, and documentation that can withstand scrutiny.

That means a lot of SEC-registered advisers may already have some of the infrastructure GIPS compliance requires before they've ever considered pursuing it formally. If you're already calculating net returns consistently, applying one methodology across accounts rather than picking whatever looks best, and keeping documentation to back up what you advertise, the remaining work (constructing composites, writing the GIPS standards policies and procedures, and assembling GIPS Reports) is often a smaller lift than firms assume, especially if you hire a consultant like Longs Peak to help!

The frameworks aren't identical, and there are places where they diverge. The GIPS standards permit either gross- or net-of-fee presentation, while the SEC Marketing Rule requires net returns whenever gross is shown; when local law or regulation is stricter than the GIPS standards, firms follow the stricter rule and disclose the deviation. We've written a full breakdown of how that reconciliation works, including sample disclosure language, in Navigating GIPS Compliance When Local Laws Conflict. But those are details to reconcile, not reasons to start from scratch.

How to Become GIPS Compliant: The Building Blocks

GIPS compliance rests on four core components, and implementation generally means building them in this order.

1. Define the firm and scope the universe of portfolios. Compliance is claimed on a firm-wide basis, never at the composite, product, or portfolio level. Before anything else, a firm must define itself: which legal entities, offices, and business lines are included, and how the firm is held out to the public. This sounds simple but is often the most consequential decision in the entire process, especially for firms with multiple brands or affiliated entities. Once that's settled, inventory every account, pooled fund, and mandate that falls within the definition.

2. Build the GIPS standards policies and procedures manual (the "P&P"). This is the operational rulebook: how discretion is defined, how composites are constructed, how cash flows are handled, how errors get corrected. A strong GIPS standards P&P reflects what the firm actually does, not what looks good on paper. Documenting it now, before it's tested by a real-world edge case, saves a lot of pain later.

3. Construct composites and calculate performance. Discretionary portfolios with similar strategies are grouped into composites so performance is presented at the strategy level rather than as a cherry-picked account or model portfolio. Composite construction is typically where firms spend the most time, since it requires historical data review, judgment calls about discretion, and reconciliation across systems. Then asset-weight returns and calculate the required statistics for at least five years of compliant history(or since inception, if younger).

4. Create GIPS Reports and file the compliance notification. The GIPS Report is the compliant, disclosure-rich presentation of a composite's performance that must be given to every prospective client. It includes required statistics, fee treatment, and disclosures that give context to the numbers. Once GIPS Reports are complete, the firm files the GIPS Compliance Notification Form with CFA Institute, a final required step before compliance can be claimed, and one that must be renewed annually.

5. Verification (optional, but a good idea). An independent third party can test whether a firm's policies and procedures are designed appropriately and applied consistently firm-wide. It's not required, but it's widely expected in institutional circles (more on this below).

We've written a full phase-by-phase walk through, including the judgment calls that tend to trip firms up (like defining discretion and handling historical composite membership), in A Practical Framework for Implementing the GIPS Standards.

How long does this take? For most firms with a simple, straight forward structure, implementation can be complete in less than one month. For moderately complex firms or simple firms with longer track records, implementation often runs somewhere between three and six months from kickoff to a completed GIPS Report. Firms with complex legal structures, long historical track records, or messy underlying data should expect it to take longer. The upfront investment in earlier phases (firm definition and policy development) as well as the commitment from your team is what usually determines the timeline.

How much will it cost? One of the questions we hear most often is "what does it cost to become GIPS compliant?" The honest answer is that it depends on a lot of inputs. Two firms of similar size can land in very different places depending on how many composites and accounts they manage, how many years of history must be reconstructed, how complete existing records are, how clean the underlying data is, and how much back-and-forth it takes to resolve open questions along the way. Because of that, we scope every engagement individually rather than pricing it off a flat rate card. The factors below are the ones that most reliably move the estimate up or down. Thinking through them ahead of time makes for a much more productive first conversation.

What tends to drive cost:

Composites and accounts in scope: How many strategies need to be reported on, and how many underlying accounts roll up into them? Being larger doesn’t always mean it will cost more, but we typically find that more accounts or composites often means more work to determine their proper placement.

Years of history involved: Are you reconstructing several years (or since inception) of past performance or are you a brand-new firm just getting started? This becomes a bigger factor the longer the track record (which is often tied to data quality).

Quality of existing records: How complete and well-organized is your historical composite membership documentation? This is often the biggest swing factor. We regularly see firms come in confident that their data is clean, only to find once we're in the weeds that it isn't. Being honest about this up front, even where the answer is "we're not totally sure," helps the entire engagement team start with the same expectations rather than discovering the real scope midstream.

Verification plans: Do you intend to pursue verification alongside (or shortly after) the buildout? This adds coordination and review on top of the compliance work itself.

Existing GIPS compliance experience: Are you starting from a blank page or do you already have some policies, procedures, or a prior composite performance to build on? The more existing foundation you have, the better.

Responsiveness and internal bandwidth: How quickly will your team turn around data requests and answer questions? This affects the timeline most directly, but slow back-and-forth does add real hours too.

We like to meet firms where they are. That might mean managing the full project or helping with the pieces that are most challenging or resource-intensive. We can usually find a way to add value even when a full-scope engagement doesn’t make sense. It’s also worth keeping in mind that some larger providers of managed services have minimum fees or engagement sizes, which may make them less practical depending on your needs and budget. If you’re still unsure if this is the right time, check out our post The Case for Pursuing GIPS Compliance Before You Think you Need It.

Do You Need to Be Verified? No. Verification is voluntary under the GIPS standards. A firm can claim compliance without ever being verified.

That said, verification is generally worth pursuing, particularly for firms competing for institutional mandates where GIPS compliance is treated as table stakes. Verification provides independent assurance that a firm's policies and procedures are designed in line with the GIPS standards and applied consistently — which carries real weight with consultants and prospects performing due diligence. It also tends to create useful internal discipline, since the expectation of independent review keeps processes tighter throughout the year.

If you're earlier in your compliance journey or working within budget constraints, it's reasonable to build a solid compliance foundation first and pursue verification once the timing makes sense. For a detailed walkthrough of what the process actually involves, see our series, How to Survive a GIPS Verification.

GIPS Compliance and the SEC Marketing Rule

For US-registered investment advisers, GIPS compliance doesn't happen in a vacuum — it has to coexist with the SEC Marketing Rule. The two frameworks overlap in some places (both care about fair, substantiated, non-misleading performance) and diverge in others (fee treatment, required disclosures, what counts as an advertisement).

Firms that manage this well tend to build one governance framework that covers both — rather than treating GIPS compliance and marketing rule compliance as separate workstreams run by different teams. We cover what that coordination looks like in practice, including how GIPS Reports, factsheets, and pitchbooks should stay consistent with each other, in What Good GIPS Compliance Governance Looks Like in Practice.

Common Mistakes Investment Managers Make

After helping firms through this process for over a decade, the same handful of issues come up again and again:

  • Treating GIPS compliance as a one-time project. Compliance is a firm-wide standard maintained continuously — not a binder that gets built once and shelved.
  • A "department of one." When all GIPS compliance knowledge lives with a single person, the firm is one departure away from a serious continuity problem.
  • Policies that don't reflect reality. A GIPS standards P&P that describes an idealized process — rather than what the firm actually does — creates real exposure during verification or a regulatory exam.
  • Weak documentation of judgment calls. Decisions about discretion, composite redefinitions, or benchmark changes need a paper trail, not just an outcome.
  • Underestimating the data work. Composite construction is as much a data reconciliation exercise as it is a compliance exercise. Firms that skip a thorough historical review often find problems later — usually during verification, which is the most expensive time to find them.

Maintaining Compliance: It Doesn't End at "Go-Live"

Becoming compliant is a milestone. Staying compliant is the actual job. The most common breakdowns aren't dramatic, they're small process gaps that compound: a portfolio added to a composite late, a significant cashflow handled inconsistently, or a new strategy launched without a composite decision being made.

The firms that stay clean build GIPS compliance into their regular monthly or quarterly performance cycle, assign clear ownership, and review their policies at least annually. We go deeper on what strong day-to-day governance looks like, including how to structure oversight without over-engineering it, in What Good GIPS Compliance Governance Looks Like in Practice.

The Business Case for GIPS Compliance

Compliance work rarely gets exciting attention internally, but the payoff is concrete. Firms that pursue GIPS compliance typically gain:

  • Access to platforms, consultant databases, and institutional searches that require it as a baseline
  • Credibility with allocators who use GIPS compliance as a proxy for operational rigor
  • Consistency across performance, marketing, and compliance teams that often didn't exist before
  • A cleaner foundation for scalability, since the process tends to surface and fix data issues before they become bigger problems

We've watched this play out directly with clients expanding into model delivery platforms and formalizing composite reporting for the first time. For real examples of how compliance translated into new business relationships, see From Compliance to Growth: How the GIPS Standards Help Investment Firms Unlock New Opportunities.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GIPS compliance? GIPS compliance means a firm calculates and presents investment performance according to the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®), a voluntary, globally recognized set of ethical standards administered by CFA Institute.

Is GIPS compliance mandatory in the United States? No. It's voluntary. The SEC does not require GIPS compliance, though many institutional investors, consultants, and platforms require it as a practical condition of doing business.

Who administers the GIPS standards? CFA Institute owns and administers the GIPS standards, including the GIPS Handbook, Guidance Statements, and the Q&A database that firms rely on for interpretive guidance.

How long does it take to become GIPS compliant? Most firms with a straightforward structure can complete implementation in three to six months. Firms with complex legal structures, long track records, or significant data cleanup will typically need more time.

What is a GIPS Report? A GIPS Report is the standardized, disclosure-rich presentation of a composite's or pooled fund's performance that a GIPS compliant firm must provide to every prospective client or investor.

Is verification required? No, verification is optional. However, it's widely viewed as a meaningful credibility signal, particularly for firms pursuing institutional business, and many allocators expect it in practice.

Can smaller firms become GIPS compliant? Yes. Firm size doesn't determine eligibility. Smaller firms often benefit from outsourcing implementation and ongoing maintenance to a consultant rather than building an internal GIPS compliance function from scratch.

Does GIPS compliance replace the need to follow the SEC Marketing Rule? No. They're separate obligations. A firm can be GIPS compliant and still need to independently satisfy SEC Marketing Rule requirements, particularly around net-of-fee presentation and substantiation of claims.

How Longs Peak Helps

Becoming and maintaining GIPS compliance touches every part of a firm: performance, operations, compliance, and marketing. That's a lot to coordinate on top of running the business.

At Longs Peak, we specialize in guiding investment managers through the entire journey. We help write policies and procedures, construct and maintain composites, prepare GIPS Reports, and manage the verification process alongside your chosen verifier. We've helped more than 250 firms and asset owners get there, and we stay with our clients well past go-live to keep compliance running smoothly year after year.

If you're weighing whether GIPS compliance makes sense for your firm, or you're already compliant and want a second set of eyes on how it's being maintained, let's talk.

GIPS® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse or promote this organization, nor does it warrant the accuracy or quality of the content contained herein.

Most managers assume that losing an allocation comes down to returns. Underperform the benchmark, underperform peers, and the mandate goes elsewhere. That happens, but it's not usually the reason a manager gets cut from a search after the numbers already looked competitive.

More often, it's something in how the performance was presented that made an allocator hesitate. A number that didn't match across two documents. A risk statistic nobody could explain. A question in due diligence that the manager couldn't answer cleanly. None of these are calculation errors. They're trust problems, and trust is what allocators are ultimately seeking when they write a check.

Here are the performance problems we see that cost managers allocations most often, and none of them start with the returns themselves.

The Numbers Don't Match Across Documents

An allocator pulls up your factsheet, your pitchbook, and your GIPS® Composite Report, and the composite's five-year return isn't quite the same in all three. Maybe it's a rounding difference, or the factsheet reflects a different "as of" date. The allocator doesn't know that, and they aren't going to assume the best. Inconsistency reads as carelessness, and carelessness in performance reporting raises an obvious question: what else isn't being checked?

This is why we push firms to treat marketing and GIPS compliance as one coordinated process rather than two departments working from different source files. Every document that leaves the building should trace back to the same underlying data.

This matters even more now that due diligence itself is being automated. Operational due diligence teams and consultants are increasingly running AI tools that cross-check pitchbooks, factsheets, DDQs, and regulatory filings against each other, flagging contradictions that used to slip through manual review. A rounding difference or a stale figure that a person might have missed a few years ago is exactly the kind of inconsistency these tools are built to catch instantly. Clean, consistent marketing materials aren't just good practice anymore — they're what it takes to pass a review that may happen before a person ever looks at your numbers.

Performance That Looks Selected, Not Reported

Showing your best-performing account, your best-performing period, or a composite with an unusually small number of accounts invites the question every allocator is trained to ask: what am I not being shown? Due diligence teams know that everyone can't be top quartile. The SEC Marketing Rule's anti-cherry-picking provisions exist because this pattern is common enough that regulators built rules around it, and sophisticated allocators are watching for it. If your performance can be read as overly flattering rather than representative, assume a diligence team will read it that way.

Wanting to lead with your best numbers is an understandable impulse. But diligence teams are trained specifically to spot it, and selective disclosure, even when every number in it is accurate, tends to read as a bigger warning sign than an honest, complete track record would. The stronger story is discipline: the periods where you held to your stated mandate and didn't deviate even while returns lagged. That's a harder story to tell than "we outperformed," but it's the one that actually holds up, because it shows you didn't drift toward whatever was working elsewhere just to keep pace. Chasing returns outside your stated process isn't skill, it's strategy drift, and allocators are trained to spot that just as readily as cherry-picked out performance.

Our advice: resist the instinct to lead with your best examples, and show the scenarios that build trust instead. We recommend showing the ones that demonstrate you stuck to your stated mandate, policies, and procedures, especially when the outcome wasn't your best quarter. Discipline under pressure is a more durable credential than a strong one-off time period, and it's the kind of evidence that holds up long after that number is forgotten.

Statistics You Show But Can't Explain

A page full of risk statistics doesn't build confidence on its own. It invites a follow-up question, and if the manager can't explain what a downside capture ratio of 85% says about the decisions actually made in the portfolio, the statistic becomes a liability instead of an asset. Allocators aren't just checking whether the numbers are favorable. They're checking whether the manager understands their own portfolio well enough to explain it. Statistics presented without interpretation signal that the second answer is “no.”

Likewise, a page of portfolio characteristics that have nothing to do with how the strategy is actually run are not doing you any favors. If you're not making decisions at the sector level, a sector breakdown doesn't tell an allocator anything about your process. If you don't manage individual position sizing, a top-ten holdings list is not adding value.

Your factsheet should be a roadmap for the conversation you want to have, not a checklist of everything other managers include. Every number on it should be something you can explain: how it got there, what decision it reflects, and what it says about how you manage money. A statistic that's only there because everyone else shows it likely isn't helping you if it doesn’t demonstrate active decision making. It's inviting a question you may not have a good answer to.

It's the same logic as a good resume. One padded with every certification, hobby, and unrelated past role doesn't read as impressive, it reads as overwhelming and maybe irrelevant, and it makes the reader work harder to find what actually matters to the job at hand. A factsheet works the same way. The strongest ones include only what's relevant to the case being made and make it easy to connect every line back to it.

No One Can Explain Why a Decision Was Made

This is the one that costs managers the most, and it's rarely about the numbers at all. An allocator asks why a composite was redefined, why a benchmark changed, or why a particular account was excluded, and the answer is a shrug or "that's how we've always done it." Undocumented decisions create the impression that performance is being managed reactively rather than governed intentionally. Firms that can point to a clear, contemporaneous record of why a judgment call was made close that conversation quickly. Firms that can't do this will leave the allocator wondering what other judgment calls haven't been documented either.

The Common Thread

None of these problems are really about whether the strategy performed well. It comes down to whether the story behind the numbers holds up consistently under scrutiny. Allocators aren't just buying returns. They're also buying confidence that what they're being shown today will still be true, and still explainable, a year from now.

The fix isn't more disclosure for its own sake. It's making sure everything across your performance reporting tells the same, well-documented story before an allocator ever has the chance to ask why it doesn't.

GIPS® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse or promote this organization, nor does it warrant the accuracy or quality of the content contained herein.

There is a common assumption among boutique investment managers that the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) are built for the largest firms in the industry — that compliance is something you pursue once you've reached a certain scale, a certain client type, or a certain level of institutional credibility.

That assumption is understandable. And it is costing firms real opportunities.

The GIPS standards have no AUM threshold to get started. There is no minimum number of clients or composites required before a firm can claim compliance. And increasingly, the institutional marketplace is not waiting for firms to reach some undefined moment of readiness before asking for it. If you are newer to the GIPS standards and want a foundation for what they are and why firms pursue them, start with our post What Are the GIPS Standards?

 

The Market Has Already Decided

The gatekeepers of institutional capital such as consultants, outsourced CIO platforms, model delivery networks, and institutional allocators, have been quietly raising the bar on performance reporting standards for years. GIPS compliance has shifted from a differentiator to a baseline expectation in many of these channels.

According to eVestment, two out of three manager searches conducted by investors and consultants on their platform exclude firms that are not GIPS compliant. That means boutique managers without a compliance claim are not being passed over, they are simply not being seen. As we explored in From Compliance to Growth, GIPS compliance has effectively become the price of admission for firms seeking to expand into institutional channels.

The question is not whether your firm will eventually need it. For most managers with institutional ambitions, the answer to that question is already yes. The real question is when you choose to pursue it, and whether you make that choice on your own terms or in response to a mandate you cannot afford to lose.

 

What Compliance Actually Builds Inside Your Firm

The benefits most managers focus on are external. Things like the credibility signal, the access to channels, the due diligence box that gets checked. Those benefits are real. But some of the most meaningful returns from GIPS compliance are internal.

Implementing the GIPS standards requires firms to formalize processes that often exist informally. Composite definitions. Discretion criteria. Benchmark selection rationale. Fee policies. Error correction procedures. For many boutique managers, the implementation process is the first time these decisions have been documented and applied consistently across the firm.

That discipline matters beyond GIPS compliance itself. A firm with clean, documented performance infrastructure is better positioned for regulatory examinations, investor due diligence, and operational due diligence reviews. It demonstrates to sophisticated allocators that the firm is run with the same rigor they apply to their own oversight responsibilities. And for firms that are not primarily focused on institutional distribution, this operational foundation has standalone value, the kind of infrastructure that supports sound governance regardless of who is asking. For more on what a well-governed GIPS compliance program looks like once it is in place, see What Good GIPS Compliance Governance Looks Like in Practice.

 

The Single Best Argument for Starting Now

Here is the point that does not get made often enough: the smaller your firm and the shorter your track record, the easier it is to become compliant. That ratio flips quickly as you grow.

Retroactively constructing composites across a large number of separate accounts is genuinely difficult work, particularly when no framework existed at the time to assign accounts to composites at inception, or to move accounts between composites as investment objectives changed, client restrictions were added or removed, or mandates evolved. Working through that history portfolio by portfolio, period by period, requires both detailed documentation and sound judgment. It is one of the most time-consuming phases of any GIPS compliance implementation, and the complexity compounds with every account and every year of history added.

A firm with 30 separate accounts and a two-year track record faces a very different implementation project than the same firm a few years later with 500 accounts and a five-year track record. The strategy, the clients, and the investment process may be nearly identical, but the administrative burden of reconstructing historical composite membership correctly is not.

The firms that find implementation most manageable are the ones that started before the project grew into something unwieldy. The firms that find it most painful are the ones that waited until an institutional prospect made it urgent.

What if you are not ready to commit to full compliance yet?

That is a legitimate position. But there is a practical middle path worth considering: even if a firm does not want to claim compliance with the GIPS standards today, building out the composite structure and creating policies and procedures for managing those composites now is a worthwhile investment. That framework does not require a formal compliance claim to be useful. Additionally, it can be carried directly into a full GIPS compliance program when the time is right, dramatically reducing the effort required at that stage.

 

The Real Costs

Becoming GIPS compliant requires real work, and it is worth being direct about what that entails. At a high level, implementation comes down to four phases: defining the firm, building a GIPS standards policies and procedures manual, constructing composites and calculating performance, and creating GIPS Reports with ongoing monitoring controls. We walk through each phase in detail in A Practical Framework for Implementing the GIPS Standards.

In terms of ongoing commitment, firms should expect monthly composite management, annual GIPS Report updates, periodic policies and procedures reviews, and distribution tracking. For a lean team, owning all of this internally is often not realistic. The good news is that outsourcing to a GIPS compliance consultant is a well-established path for boutique managers and one that many firms in our client base have taken successfully. The total cost of compliance for a focused, well-organized firm is frequently lower than managers expect, particularly when implementation is approached while the firm's history and account universe are still manageable.

 

Is This the Right Time for Your Firm?

Not every firm is at the same point in this decision. Managers with the strongest case for pursuing GIPS compliance now include:

  • Firms actively pursuing institutional mandates or seeking coverage from investment consultants
  • Managers on model delivery platforms or building toward that distribution channel
  • Firms planning meaningful growth over the next two to three years
  • Any manager whose clients or prospects have already raised the question
  • Firms that simply want to build a best-in-class performance reporting foundation, regardless of where their distribution strategy stands today

The case is lower urgency for firms focused exclusively on high-net-worth or retail clients with no near-term institutional ambitions; however, there is still value in building a sound performance reporting structure, and the sooner it is established, the easier the work will be.

On Verification: You Can Wait

Verification is independent, voluntary, and valuable. It is also not required to claim compliance with the GIPS standards, and for cost-conscious boutiques, it is a reasonable place to exercise flexibility.

A firm can become GIPS compliant today and gain all the operational benefits and the ability to make the compliance claim and defer pursuing verification until there is specific demand for it. When an institutional prospect or consultant asks whether the firm is verified, that is the right moment to add it. The compliance foundation built now makes that future engagement faster and less disruptive. For a detailed walkthrough of what the verification process involves, see our series How to Survive a GIPS Verification.

Verification is worth having. It just does not need to happen on day one.

 

The Longer You Wait, The Heavier the Lift

GIPS compliance is not an initiative that gets easier with time. Every year a firm grows its account base, extends its track record, and adds complexity to its operations without a compliance framework in place is another year of history that will eventually need to be organized, documented, and reconstructed.

The managers who find implementation most straight forward are not the ones with the most resources. They are the ones who started early enough that the project was still proportionate to the size of the task.

If your firm is headed toward institutional distribution (most boutique managers we work with are), the best time to build this infrastructure is before you need it. The second best time is now.

 

Longs Peak Advisory Services specializes in GIPS compliance and investment performance consulting for investment managers and asset owners. We have helped over 250 firms implement and maintain compliance with the GIPS standards. If you are evaluating whether now is the right time for your firm, we would be glad to talk through it. Reach out athello@longspeakadvisory.com.

 

GIPS® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse or promote this organization, nor does it warrant the accuracy or quality of the content contained herein.